Chronological simulation
- 8,760- and 8,784-hour and multi-year time series
- Cyclic steady state, physical spin-up and checkpoint restart
- Mass, energy and water balances tracked hourly
Research
How renewable energy systems behave hour by hour
My research combines chronological simulation, optimization and techno-economic analysis to understand how renewable energy systems perform under real weather and operating constraints, and which modelling simplifications change the answer.
Theme 1 · Doctoral research
Offshore green hydrogen and liquid-hydrogen export
- PEM electrolysis
- LH₂ storage
- Marine logistics
- Metocean data
Producing hydrogen at sea removes the need for long export cables, but it moves the bottleneck to storage and shipping. Electrolysis follows the wind, liquefaction prefers steady operation, and cargo can only be transferred when waves and wind allow. I model these stages as one coupled system to find where performance is actually lost and what it costs to recover it.
Questions
- How do wind–wave limits on cargo transfer shape delivered hydrogen, reliability and cost?
- How much storage is worth installing offshore, and in which form: compressed gas, liquid hydrogen, battery or compressed air?
- How do boil-off, tank pressure, vessel scheduling and electrolyzer degradation change performance over a full year and across years?
Outputs
- Journal article in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2026) on nonlinear operability thresholds and multi-objective design at North Atlantic and North Sea sites.
- The OffshoreLH2 research platform, including an earlier LH₂-hub study rebuilt as a reproducible study recipe.
Theme 2 · Doctoral research
Remote community microgrids: dispatch, control and lifecycle emissions
- MPC
- MILP
- Forecasting
- Lifecycle cost and emissions
Many remote communities still rely on diesel generation. Renewables and storage help only if the system is dispatched well. I build full-year simulations of hybrid microgrids, with renewable generation, batteries and long-duration storage, diesel backup, forecasts and equipment constraints. I then compare forecast-informed, mixed-integer model predictive control (MPC) with conventional load-following dispatch.
The comparison covers reliability, fuel use, emissions, storage utilization, lifecycle cost and robustness to forecast quality. A second strand asks how far optimizing for operational emissions alone understates the lifecycle emissions of the installed equipment.
Manuscripts
- Multi-objective design and MILP-based model predictive dispatch for remote community hybrid renewable microgrids, in preparation and revision.
- Quantifying true lifecycle emissions: operational-only versus lifecycle-aware optimization of remote microgrids, in revision.
The simulation work builds on PGMcpp, the PRIMED Grid Modelling code developed at the University of Victoria, with automated scenario, lifecycle-cost, sensitivity and verification workflows in Python and C++.
Theme 3 · Methods
Model fidelity, verification and reproducible research software
- Reduced-order models
- Verification
- Provenance
Every energy-system study simplifies the physics. The open question is when those simplifications change an engineering decision. OffshoreLH2 can run the same hardware with reduced-order and higher-fidelity models, which separates differences caused by the design from differences caused by the model.
A planned multi-site study will use several offshore environments, multiple weather years, controlled changes in model fidelity, uncertainty analysis and re-optimization at each fidelity level. The aim is general guidance on when reduced-order offshore-hydrogen models are adequate, rather than another single-site case study. Its structure is already defined as a study template in OffshoreLH2.
Planned study
Research assistantship · 2026
Energy transition in Northern British Columbia
- Census data
- Labour markets
- Data provenance
As a research assistant on the Power for People project (April to September 2026), I analysed multi-year Census, employment, industry and energy-transition datasets for Northern British Columbia using Python and Excel. The work focused on regional labour-market structure and vulnerability to the energy transition.
I built reproducible data-processing, comparison and visualization workflows, documented assumptions, data provenance and methods, and prepared publication-ready figures, tables and evidence summaries for interdisciplinary review.
2018 – 2022
Solar PV and decentralized power in Pakistan
- Solar PV
- Rural electrification
- Energy policy
At the Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, UET Peshawar, I carried out simulation, modelling, quantitative analysis and technical reporting on hybrid renewable systems, decentralized power, solar-PV optimization and smart-grid integration.
Three journal articles came from this period: a performance and lifecycle-cost assessment of a solar-PV irrigation system for a wheat field, a geospatial and policy study of rooftop PV in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and an off-grid solar power design for a government school in the context of rural electrification. See publications.
Methods and tools
How the work is done
The same toolkit runs through the themes above: chronological simulation, optimization, uncertainty analysis and careful verification.
Optimization and control
- NSGA-II and NSGA-III multi-objective search
- TOPSIS for compromise designs
- Mixed-integer linear programming and model predictive control
Uncertainty
- One-at-a-time sensitivity analysis
- Latin-hypercube Monte Carlo
- Interannual weather variability and multiple optimizer seeds
Physical models
- Real-gas hydrogen properties (Leachman equation of state)
- Equilibrium-thermal liquid-hydrogen tanks
- PEM electrolysis with degradation; compressed-air and battery storage
Data
- ERA5 reanalysis through the Copernicus Climate Data Store
- Ocean Networks Canada observations for comparison
- Census and labour-market datasets
Economics and verification
- CAPEX, OPEX, replacements and delivered cost of hydrogen
- Lifecycle cost and emissions
- Independent audits, regression tests and continuous integration
Collaboration
I am interested in joint work on offshore hydrogen supply chains, remote-community energy systems and model verification, including access to OffshoreLH2 for evaluation.